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:A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2005). When one makes the reference to the author(s) directly as a part of the narrative, then only the year (and page number if needed) would remain enclosed within parentheses. Single author: Format should be Author's last name (no initials) followed directly by a comma, then the year of publication. This is the distinction between a document having a Reference section and a bibliography, which may incorporate sources which may have been read by the authors as background but not referred to or included in the body of a document. APA style defines that the reference section may only include articles that are cited within the body of an article.
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In the case of a quotation, the page number is also included in the citation.įull bibliographic information is then provided in a Reference section at the end of the article. In all cases of citation, author name(s) are always followed immediately by a year, and years are never presented without author name(s) immediately preceding it. In such a case only the year is in parenthesis. However, it is also common for the authors to be the subject or object of a sentence. Most usually, this involves enclosing the author's surname and the date of publication within parentheses, separated by a comma, generally placed immediately after the reference or at the end of the sentence in which the reference is made. Reference citations in text are done using Harvard referencing. *Level 4: "Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period." *Level 3: "Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Side Heading" *Level 2: "Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading" *Level 1: Centered Uppercase and Lowercase Heading In such cases, subordinate all four levels above by introducing a Level 5 heading."] *Level 5: CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING Harvard citation |American Psychological Association|2005| p = 115 "Occasionally, an article requires five levels of heading. APA style uses Harvard referencing, also known as the author-date system of citations and parenthetical referencing, keyed to a subsequent list of "References." The APA "Publication Manual" provides basic guidelines for documenting both print and electronic resources.Īn APA style paper typically has the following sections, each of which starts on a new page. APA style specifies the names and order of headings, formatting, and organization of citations and references, and the arrangement of tables, figures, footnotes, and appendices, as well as other manuscript and documentation features. American Psychological Association (APA) style is a widely accepted style of documentation, particularly in the social sciences.